200 שאלות תרגול בדוגמה ותפקידה באנגלית מתוך פרק האנגלית של הבחינה הפסיכומטרית. לכל שאלה פתרון מלא ומוסבר, ואפשר לתרגל לפי רמת קושי.
57 קלות73 בינוניות70 קשות
איך פותרים דוגמה ותפקידה באנגלית
הכלללא קוראים את הקטע ואז את השאלות. קוראים את השאלות קודם, ואז קוראים את הקטע כשאתם כבר יודעים מה אתם מחפשים - זה ההבדל בין לסיים בזמן ללא לסיים.
1עברו על השאלות ראשונות, בלי האפשרויות. שתי דקות שם חוסכות יותר משהן עולות.
2קראו את הקטע ברצף אחד. אל תעצרו על מילה לא מוכרת - ההקשר יסביר אותה, ואם לא, כנראה לא צריך אותה.
3סמנו בראש איפה כל פסקה נמצאת: על מה היא, ומה תפקידה בטיעון.
4לכל שאלה חזרו לשורה שעונה עליה. תשובה שאתם לא יכולים להצביע על המקום שלה בטקסט היא ניחוש.
המלכודתאפשרות שנכונה בעולם אבל לא נאמרה בקטע. המבחן שואל מה כתוב, לא מה נכון - וידע כללי הוא מה שמפיל כאן, במיוחד כשהנושא מוכר לכם. אם אי אפשר להצביע על השורה, זו לא התשובה.
שאלות לדוגמה
ארבע מתוך 200, עם הפתרון המלא.
שאלה 1
Read the passage:
When Volcanoes Cool the Planet
In April 1815, Mount Tambora in Indonesia produced the most powerful eruption in recorded history. The immediate devastation was local, but its most far-reaching consequences came the following year, thousands of kilometres away. In 1816, much of Europe and eastern North America endured a summer of frost, snow and incessant rain; harvests failed, food prices soared, and hunger and unrest followed. It came to be remembered as the Year Without a Summer.
The culprit was not the ash, most of which fell out of the atmosphere within weeks, but sulphur dioxide. Injected into the stratosphere, above the weather that would otherwise wash it out, the gas formed a fine haze of sulphate droplets that reflected part of the incoming sunlight back into space. Such a veil can persist for a year or more, lowering temperatures across the globe. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, far smaller than Tambora, nonetheless cooled the planet measurably for about two years.
It might seem to follow that volcanoes offset global warming, but the comparison is misleading. Their cooling is transient, whereas carbon dioxide from human activity accumulates over centuries; human emissions now exceed those of all the world's volcanoes many times over. Some scientists have proposed imitating eruptions by deliberately releasing sulphate particles, yet the idea remains highly controversial, partly because it would mask warming rather than remove its cause.
The eruption of Mount Pinatubo is mentioned in order to -
אshow that the Pinatubo eruption was more powerful than that of Tambora
בshow that even a smaller eruption cools the planet
גprove that volcanoes can offset global warming
דillustrate how volcanic eruptions lead to famine and unrest
הפתרון
"far smaller than Tambora, nonetheless cooled the planet measurably" - גם התפרצות קטנה משפיעה. הכותב דוחה את הרעיון שהרי געש מקזזים את ההתחממות.
שאלה 2
Read the passage:
The Rise and Fall of the Sea
Anyone who spends a day at the seaside will notice that the water does not stay in one place. At some hours it covers most of the beach, and at others it pulls far back, leaving wet sand and rock pools. These regular changes are called tides, and most coasts have two high tides and two low tides a day.
Tides are caused mainly by the Moon. The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth's oceans and creates two bulges of water, one on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and one on the opposite side. As the Earth turns, each coast passes through both bulges, so the sea rises and falls twice. The Sun also pulls on the oceans, but because it is so much farther away, its effect is less than half as strong.
When the Sun and the Moon are in line, at new moon and full moon, their pulls add together, and high tides are extra high. These are called spring tides, although they have nothing to do with the season. When the two pull at right angles, the difference between high and low water is smaller, and these are called neap tides. The shape of the coast matters too. In the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the water can rise and fall by more than fifteen metres.
The Bay of Fundy is mentioned as an example of -
אa place where spring tides happen only in spring
בa coast that has only one high tide a day
גhow the shape of the coast can affect tides
דa place where the Sun's pull is stronger than the Moon's
הפתרון
המשפט שלפני הדוגמה: "The shape of the coast matters too" - במפרץ פנדי המים עולים ביותר מ-15 מטר.
שאלה 3
Read the passage:
The Secret of the Violins
The violins made by Antonio Stradivari in Cremona, Italy, about three hundred years ago are among the most valuable musical instruments in the world, and some have sold for millions of dollars. For generations, musicians and instrument makers have tried to explain their supposedly unmatched sound. Theories have pointed to the special varnish Stradivari used, to chemical treatments of the wood, and even to a period of unusually cold weather that may have made trees grow slowly and produce denser wood.
In recent years, however, researchers have tested a more basic assumption: that the old instruments really do sound better. In several blind experiments, experienced violinists played old Italian violins and high-quality new ones while wearing goggles that prevented them from seeing which was which. Many were unable to identify the old instruments reliably, and a number actually preferred the new ones. Listeners in concert halls showed a similar pattern.
None of this proves that the famous violins are ordinary. They are beautifully made, and a player's confidence in an instrument may itself affect a performance. What the tests do suggest is that part of their reputation may come from their history and price rather than from their sound alone. Before searching for a secret, it is worth making sure there is something to explain.
The author mentions that the players wore goggles in order to -
אshow that the test was truly blind
בexplain why some players preferred the new violins
גshow that the tests took place in concert halls
דsuggest that the players' confidence affected their performance on stage
הפתרון
המשקפיים "prevented them from seeing which was which" - זה מה שהופך את הניסוי לעיוור.
שאלה 4
Read the passage:
Why Computers Count in Twos
Every photograph, song and message stored on a computer is, at the most basic level, a long series of zeros and ones. This system, known as binary, uses only two digits, unlike the familiar decimal system, which uses ten. Just as the decimal number 305 means three hundreds, no tens and five ones, each position in a binary number represents a power of two, so the binary number 101 means one four, no twos and one one: five.
The reason computers rely on binary lies in their hardware. A modern chip contains billions of tiny switches called transistors, each of which is either on or off. Distinguishing between two states is far more reliable than distinguishing between ten. A small change in voltage caused by heat or electrical noise is unlikely to turn an "on" into an "off", whereas it could easily turn a six into a seven if a single wire had to carry ten different levels. Consequently, engineers have found it simpler and cheaper to build machines that handle huge numbers of simple two-state signals.
Text is handled in exactly the same way. Under a widely used standard, the capital letter A is stored as the number 65, which the machine records as 1000001. A single binary digit is called a bit, and a group of eight bits is called a byte.
The letter A is mentioned in order to -
אexplain how many bits make up a byte
בshow that capital letters need more bits than numbers
גillustrate how the decimal system works
דshow that text, too, is stored as binary numbers
הפתרון
"Text is handled in exactly the same way" - האות A נשמרת כמספר 65 בבינארי.