200 שאלות תרגול בהרעיון המרכזי באנגלית מתוך פרק האנגלית של הבחינה הפסיכומטרית. לכל שאלה פתרון מלא ומוסבר, ואפשר לתרגל לפי רמת קושי.
59 קלות82 בינוניות59 קשות
איך פותרים הרעיון המרכזי באנגלית
הכלללא קוראים את הקטע ואז את השאלות. קוראים את השאלות קודם, ואז קוראים את הקטע כשאתם כבר יודעים מה אתם מחפשים - זה ההבדל בין לסיים בזמן ללא לסיים.
1עברו על השאלות ראשונות, בלי האפשרויות. שתי דקות שם חוסכות יותר משהן עולות.
2קראו את הקטע ברצף אחד. אל תעצרו על מילה לא מוכרת - ההקשר יסביר אותה, ואם לא, כנראה לא צריך אותה.
3סמנו בראש איפה כל פסקה נמצאת: על מה היא, ומה תפקידה בטיעון.
4לכל שאלה חזרו לשורה שעונה עליה. תשובה שאתם לא יכולים להצביע על המקום שלה בטקסט היא ניחוש.
המלכודתאפשרות שנכונה בעולם אבל לא נאמרה בקטע. המבחן שואל מה כתוב, לא מה נכון - וידע כללי הוא מה שמפיל כאן, במיוחד כשהנושא מוכר לכם. אם אי אפשר להצביע על השורה, זו לא התשובה.
שאלות לדוגמה
ארבע מתוך 200, עם הפתרון המלא.
שאלה 1
Read the passage:
Why Your Recorded Voice Sounds Strange
Many people are surprised, and even a little upset, when they hear a recording of their own voice for the first time. It often sounds higher and thinner than they expected, and some refuse to believe that it is really them. Yet their friends and family will say that the recording sounds exactly like the person they know.
The reason is that we hear our own voice in two different ways. When we speak, sound travels through the air to our ears, just as it does when we listen to other people. At the same time, the vibrations of our voice also travel through the bones of our head directly to the inner ear. These vibrations make the lower sounds seem stronger, so our voice sounds deeper and fuller to us than it really is.
You can test this with a simple experiment. Put your fingers in your ears and hum. The sound seems louder, because now you are hearing it mostly through your bones. A microphone, however, picks up only the sound that travels through the air. This means that the voice on the recording is the one that everyone else hears, while the voice in our head is heard by nobody but ourselves.
What is the passage mainly about?
אhow to record a voice so that it sounds deeper and fuller
בwhy our own voice sounds different to us and to others
גwhy some people refuse to listen to their own recordings
דhow the inner ear and the bones of the head are built
הפתרון
כל הקטע עוסק בפער בין הקול ששומעים בראש לקול ששומעים האחרים (ובהקלטה).
שאלה 2
Read the passage:
Reading a Rainbow
A rainbow can appear only when two conditions are met: the sun must be shining, and there must be raindrops in the air in front of the observer. An observer looking at a rainbow always has the sun behind them. For this reason, rainbows are most often seen in the early morning or late afternoon, when the sun is low and a shower is passing on the opposite side of the sky.
The colours are produced inside each raindrop. When sunlight enters a drop, it bends, or refracts, and because each colour bends by a slightly different amount, white light is separated into its components. The light then reflects off the back of the drop and bends again as it leaves. Red light emerges at an angle of about 42 degrees from the point directly opposite the sun, and violet at a slightly smaller angle, so the bow always has red on the outside and violet on the inside.
Sometimes a fainter second bow appears outside the first. It is produced by light that reflects twice inside the drops, and its colours are reversed, with red on the inside. The sky between the two bows looks noticeably darker. Since the angles depend on the position of the observer's eyes, no two people ever see exactly the same rainbow; each sees light from a different set of drops.
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
אRainbows are rare because raindrops seldom reflect sunlight back to us.
בA second rainbow is more common than most people think.
גRainbows follow physical rules that explain their timing and look.
דThe eyes of each observer produce the different colours that are seen in a rainbow.
הפתרון
הקטע מסביר את התנאים, הצבעים והזוויות של הקשת - כולם כפופים לחוקים פיזיקליים. הצבעים נוצרים בטיפות, לא בעיניים.
שאלה 3
Read the passage:
Lightning and Thunder
During a storm, you usually see a flash of lightning first and hear the thunder a few seconds later. Many children believe that the two happen at different times, but in fact they happen at the same moment. Lightning is a giant electric spark, and it heats the air around it until it is hotter than the surface of the sun. The air expands so quickly that it makes a loud bang, and that bang is thunder.
We notice the flash first for a simple reason: light travels much faster than sound. Light from the flash reaches our eyes almost immediately, while sound needs about three seconds to travel one kilometre. This difference gives us an easy way to find out how far away a storm is. Count the seconds between the flash and the thunder, then divide the number by three. If you count nine seconds, the lightning struck about three kilometres away.
Counting can also tell you whether a storm is coming closer. If the gap becomes shorter each time, the storm is moving towards you. However, experts advise people to go indoors as soon as they hear any thunder at all, because lightning can strike far from the centre of a storm.
The passage is mainly about -
אwhy we hear thunder after lightning and how this is useful
בhow lightning heats the air to temperatures hotter than the sun
גwhy many children are afraid of storms
דhow experts predict when a storm will begin
הפתרון
הקטע מסביר למה הרעם מגיע אחרי הברק (מהירות האור מול הקול) ואיך משתמשים בזה למדידת מרחק. חימום האוויר - פרט אחד בלבד.
שאלה 4
Read the passage:
The Face and the Cut
Film-makers have long invoked the so-called Kuleshov effect as proof that meaning in cinema is created as much in the editing room as in front of the camera. According to the usual account, the Soviet director Lev Kuleshov, around 1920, took a shot of the actor Ivan Mosjoukine's deliberately expressionless face and intercut it with images of a bowl of soup, a child in a coffin and a woman lying on a sofa. Audiences are said to have praised the actor's subtle portrayal of hunger, grief and desire respectively, unaware that the face was identical in every case.
The anecdote is so neat that it has rarely been questioned, yet its evidential basis is surprisingly thin. The original footage has not survived, and the descriptions we have come largely from Kuleshov and his student Vsevolod Pudovkin, written years afterwards and differing in their details. Modern attempts to recreate the experiment under controlled conditions have produced mixed results.
None of this renders the underlying insight worthless. That viewers read faces in the light of their surroundings is plausible and, to some degree, supported by research. But the celebrated demonstration may be better understood as a parable about editing than as an experiment in any rigorous sense, and its persistence says as much about film-makers' fondness for a good story as about the psychology of perception.
The main idea of the passage is that -
אediting matters far less in cinema than the quality of the acting
בKuleshov deliberately invented the results of his experiment
גmodern research has disproved the idea that context affects how viewers read faces
דa famous demonstration rests on weaker evidence than supposed
הפתרון
המוקד: הסיפור המפורסם נשען על בסיס ראייתי דל. הכותב לא טוען להמצאה מכוונת, ומציין שהרעיון נתמך במידה מסוימת.