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שאלה 1

Read the passage: "As cities around the world continue to grow, urban farming has emerged as more than just a trend among hobbyists; it is increasingly viewed as a practical response to challenges in food security and environmental sustainability. Rooftop gardens, vertical farming towers, and repurposed warehouse spaces now produce vegetables, herbs, and even fish within city limits, dramatically shortening the distance food travels from farm to table. Proponents argue this reduces transportation emissions and provides fresher produce to urban residents who might otherwise live in so-called food deserts, areas with limited access to affordable, healthy food. However, urban farming faces real limitations: the initial cost of specialized equipment, such as climate-controlled vertical farming systems, can be prohibitively expensive, and the energy required to power artificial lighting sometimes offsets the environmental benefits of shorter transportation. Critics also note that urban farms, even at scale, can only supply a small fraction of a city's total food needs, meaning they should be viewed as a valuable supplement to traditional agriculture rather than a wholesale replacement for it." What does the expression "offsets the environmental benefits" mean as used in the passage?

אresults in genuine, measurable harm to the body's physical functioning
בa way of thinking about attention as a constant supply that decreases over time due to outside factors
גcancels out or reduces the positive environmental impact of something
דis not closely or reliably connected to, statistically speaking

הפתרון

The expression "offsets the environmental benefits" means: cancels out or reduces the positive environmental impact of something.

שאלה 2

Read the passage: "Impostor syndrome, a psychological pattern in which a person doubts their own accomplishments and harbors a persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud, was first described by psychologists in the late 1970s, initially based on observations of high-achieving women. Since then, research has shown that the experience is far more widespread, affecting people across genders, professions, and levels of accomplishment, including some of the most objectively successful individuals in their fields. What makes impostor syndrome particularly puzzling is that it does not correlate strongly with actual competence: highly skilled individuals often report feeling like impostors just as intensely as those with more modest achievements, suggesting the phenomenon has more to do with how people interpret their success than with the success itself. Some psychologists argue that impostor feelings can, ironically, coexist with genuine achievement precisely because capable people tend to have a clearer view of how much they still do not know, making their own accomplishments feel less impressive by comparison to the vast scope of their field." What does the expression "does not correlate strongly with" mean as used in the passage?

אcancels out or reduces the positive environmental impact of something
בdeliberate, aware control or monitoring
גis not closely or reliably connected to, statistically speaking
דto avoid or go around the middlemen involved in a trade

הפתרון

The expression "does not correlate strongly with" means: is not closely or reliably connected to, statistically speaking.

שאלה 3

Read the passage: "Octopuses possess a level of intelligence that puzzles scientists, largely because their brains evolved along a completely different path from those of mammals. Rather than concentrating neurons in a single central brain, an octopus distributes roughly two-thirds of its neurons throughout its eight arms, allowing each arm to process information and react semi-independently. This unusual architecture lets an octopus solve problems, such as opening a jar to reach food inside, without conscious oversight from the central brain for every movement. Laboratory studies have shown octopuses learning to navigate mazes, recognize individual human faces, and even use coconut shells as portable shelters, a behavior some researchers classify as tool use. Despite this apparent cleverness, octopuses live remarkably short lives, often only one to two years, which makes their capacity for complex learning even more puzzling: there is little time for an individual to benefit from lessons learned early in life. Some scientists suggest their intelligence evolved primarily to solve immediate survival problems, such as escaping predators, rather than for long-term planning." What does the expression "conscious oversight" mean as used in the passage?

אcancels out or reduces the positive environmental impact of something
בresults in genuine, measurable harm to the body's physical functioning
גdeliberate, aware control or monitoring
דis not closely or reliably connected to, statistically speaking

הפתרון

The expression "conscious oversight" means: deliberate, aware control or monitoring.

שאלה 4

Read the passage: "Octopuses possess a level of intelligence that puzzles scientists, largely because their brains evolved along a completely different path from those of mammals. Rather than concentrating neurons in a single central brain, an octopus distributes roughly two-thirds of its neurons throughout its eight arms, allowing each arm to process information and react semi-independently. This unusual architecture lets an octopus solve problems, such as opening a jar to reach food inside, without conscious oversight from the central brain for every movement. Laboratory studies have shown octopuses learning to navigate mazes, recognize individual human faces, and even use coconut shells as portable shelters, a behavior some researchers classify as tool use. Despite this apparent cleverness, octopuses live remarkably short lives, often only one to two years, which makes their capacity for complex learning even more puzzling: there is little time for an individual to benefit from lessons learned early in life. Some scientists suggest their intelligence evolved primarily to solve immediate survival problems, such as escaping predators, rather than for long-term planning." What does the expression "conscious oversight" mean as used in the passage?

אcancels out or reduces the positive environmental impact of something
בto avoid or go around the middlemen involved in a trade
גis not closely or reliably connected to, statistically speaking
דdeliberate, aware control or monitoring

הפתרון

The expression "conscious oversight" means: deliberate, aware control or monitoring.

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