200 שאלות תרגול במשפט המסכם את הקטע מתוך פרק האנגלית של הבחינה הפסיכומטרית. לכל שאלה פתרון מלא ומוסבר, ואפשר לתרגל לפי רמת קושי.
66 קלות74 בינוניות60 קשות
איך פותרים משפט המסכם את הקטע
הכלללא קוראים את הקטע ואז את השאלות. קוראים את השאלות קודם, ואז קוראים את הקטע כשאתם כבר יודעים מה אתם מחפשים - זה ההבדל בין לסיים בזמן ללא לסיים.
1עברו על השאלות ראשונות, בלי האפשרויות. שתי דקות שם חוסכות יותר משהן עולות.
2קראו את הקטע ברצף אחד. אל תעצרו על מילה לא מוכרת - ההקשר יסביר אותה, ואם לא, כנראה לא צריך אותה.
3סמנו בראש איפה כל פסקה נמצאת: על מה היא, ומה תפקידה בטיעון.
4לכל שאלה חזרו לשורה שעונה עליה. תשובה שאתם לא יכולים להצביע על המקום שלה בטקסט היא ניחוש.
המלכודתאפשרות שנכונה בעולם אבל לא נאמרה בקטע. המבחן שואל מה כתוב, לא מה נכון - וידע כללי הוא מה שמפיל כאן, במיוחד כשהנושא מוכר לכם. אם אי אפשר להצביע על השורה, זו לא התשובה.
שאלות לדוגמה
ארבע מתוך 200, עם הפתרון המלא.
שאלה 1
Read the passage:
Why Computers Count in Twos
Every photograph, song and message stored on a computer is, at the most basic level, a long series of zeros and ones. This system, known as binary, uses only two digits, unlike the familiar decimal system, which uses ten. Just as the decimal number 305 means three hundreds, no tens and five ones, each position in a binary number represents a power of two, so the binary number 101 means one four, no twos and one one: five.
The reason computers rely on binary lies in their hardware. A modern chip contains billions of tiny switches called transistors, each of which is either on or off. Distinguishing between two states is far more reliable than distinguishing between ten. A small change in voltage caused by heat or electrical noise is unlikely to turn an "on" into an "off", whereas it could easily turn a six into a seven if a single wire had to carry ten different levels. Consequently, engineers have found it simpler and cheaper to build machines that handle huge numbers of simple two-state signals.
Text is handled in exactly the same way. Under a widely used standard, the capital letter A is stored as the number 65, which the machine records as 1000001. A single binary digit is called a bit, and a group of eight bits is called a byte.
Which sentence best summarizes the passage?
אComputers use the decimal system because ten digits can hold far more information than two can.
בTransistors are unreliable, so engineers store letters as numbers to avoid errors.
גBinary is used mainly for text, while photographs and songs are stored as decimals.
דComputers use binary for everything because two-state switches are reliable.
הפתרון
כל המידע - תמונות, שירים וטקסט - נשמר כאפסים ואחדות, כי מתגים בעלי שני מצבים אמינים וזולים.
שאלה 2
Read the passage:
Do Old Windows Flow?
Visitors to medieval churches are sometimes told that the panes in the windows are thicker at the bottom because glass is really a very slow-moving liquid that has sagged under gravity over the centuries. The explanation is appealing, and it contains a grain of truth: glass is an amorphous solid, lacking the orderly crystalline structure of, say, ice or metal, and physicists still debate how best to classify it. As an account of the windows, however, it collapses under scrutiny.
The irregularities are far better explained by how the panes were made. Before modern techniques, window glass was often produced by spinning a blob of molten glass into a large disc, which inevitably varied in thickness, and glaziers generally, though not invariably, set the heavier edge at the bottom. Panes installed thick side up do exist, which is hard to reconcile with centuries of downward flow. Moreover, if glass flowed perceptibly at room temperature, ancient Roman glassware and centuries-old telescope lenses, whose precise shapes remain intact, would have deformed long ago.
Calculations based on the viscosity of glass settle the matter: at ordinary temperatures, noticeable flow in a window would take far longer than the age of the universe. The myth persists, perhaps, because it offers a vivid explanation for a real observation, which is more than can be said for the mundane truth.
Which sentence best summarizes the passage?
אOld panes are uneven because of how they were made, not because glass flows; the myth persists.
בGlass flows so slowly that its movement can be seen only in medieval church windows.
גPhysicists have now proved that glass is a liquid, which explains uneven old windows.
דRoman glassware has slowly deformed over the centuries, showing that all glass gradually flows.
הפתרון
הקטע: ייצור הזכוכית - ולא זרימה - מסביר את חוסר האחידות; המיתוס שורד כי הוא ציורי.
שאלה 3
Read the passage:
The Rise and Fall of the Sea
Anyone who spends a day at the seaside will notice that the water does not stay in one place. At some hours it covers most of the beach, and at others it pulls far back, leaving wet sand and rock pools. These regular changes are called tides, and most coasts have two high tides and two low tides a day.
Tides are caused mainly by the Moon. The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth's oceans and creates two bulges of water, one on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and one on the opposite side. As the Earth turns, each coast passes through both bulges, so the sea rises and falls twice. The Sun also pulls on the oceans, but because it is so much farther away, its effect is less than half as strong.
When the Sun and the Moon are in line, at new moon and full moon, their pulls add together, and high tides are extra high. These are called spring tides, although they have nothing to do with the season. When the two pull at right angles, the difference between high and low water is smaller, and these are called neap tides. The shape of the coast matters too. In the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the water can rise and fall by more than fifteen metres.
Which sentence best summarizes the passage?
אTides are caused mainly by the Sun, and they are always highest during the spring season.
בTides happen once a day because the Moon pulls on the sand along the coast.
גTides come mainly from the Moon's pull, varying with the Sun and the coast.
דThe Bay of Fundy has the highest tides because it faces the Moon directly.
הפתרון
הירח הוא הגורם העיקרי, ועוצמת הגאות תלויה במיקום השמש ובצורת החוף. השאר סותרים את הקטע.
שאלה 4
Read the passage:
Why Your Recorded Voice Sounds Strange
Many people are surprised, and even a little upset, when they hear a recording of their own voice for the first time. It often sounds higher and thinner than they expected, and some refuse to believe that it is really them. Yet their friends and family will say that the recording sounds exactly like the person they know.
The reason is that we hear our own voice in two different ways. When we speak, sound travels through the air to our ears, just as it does when we listen to other people. At the same time, the vibrations of our voice also travel through the bones of our head directly to the inner ear. These vibrations make the lower sounds seem stronger, so our voice sounds deeper and fuller to us than it really is.
You can test this with a simple experiment. Put your fingers in your ears and hum. The sound seems louder, because now you are hearing it mostly through your bones. A microphone, however, picks up only the sound that travels through the air. This means that the voice on the recording is the one that everyone else hears, while the voice in our head is heard by nobody but ourselves.
Which sentence best summarizes the passage?
אRecordings change the sound of our voice, which is why our friends do not recognize it.
בOur recorded voice sounds odd to us because we normally also hear ourselves through bone.
גHumming with our fingers in our ears makes our own voice sound much higher and thinner than usual.
דMicrophones pick up sound through the bones of the head as well as through the air.
הפתרון
הסיבה המרכזית: אנו שומעים את קולנו גם דרך העצמות. החברים דווקא מזהים את ההקלטה, והמיקרופון קולט רק דרך האוויר.