200 שאלות תרגול בסיבה ותוצאה בקריאה באנגלית מתוך פרק האנגלית של הבחינה הפסיכומטרית. לכל שאלה פתרון מלא ומוסבר, ואפשר לתרגל לפי רמת קושי.
65 קלות73 בינוניות62 קשות
איך פותרים סיבה ותוצאה בקריאה באנגלית
הכלללא קוראים את הקטע ואז את השאלות. קוראים את השאלות קודם, ואז קוראים את הקטע כשאתם כבר יודעים מה אתם מחפשים - זה ההבדל בין לסיים בזמן ללא לסיים.
1עברו על השאלות ראשונות, בלי האפשרויות. שתי דקות שם חוסכות יותר משהן עולות.
2קראו את הקטע ברצף אחד. אל תעצרו על מילה לא מוכרת - ההקשר יסביר אותה, ואם לא, כנראה לא צריך אותה.
3סמנו בראש איפה כל פסקה נמצאת: על מה היא, ומה תפקידה בטיעון.
4לכל שאלה חזרו לשורה שעונה עליה. תשובה שאתם לא יכולים להצביע על המקום שלה בטקסט היא ניחוש.
המלכודתאפשרות שנכונה בעולם אבל לא נאמרה בקטע. המבחן שואל מה כתוב, לא מה נכון - וידע כללי הוא מה שמפיל כאן, במיוחד כשהנושא מוכר לכם. אם אי אפשר להצביע על השורה, זו לא התשובה.
שאלות לדוגמה
ארבע מתוך 200, עם הפתרון המלא.
שאלה 1
Read the passage:
The Secret of the Violins
The violins made by Antonio Stradivari in Cremona, Italy, about three hundred years ago are among the most valuable musical instruments in the world, and some have sold for millions of dollars. For generations, musicians and instrument makers have tried to explain their supposedly unmatched sound. Theories have pointed to the special varnish Stradivari used, to chemical treatments of the wood, and even to a period of unusually cold weather that may have made trees grow slowly and produce denser wood.
In recent years, however, researchers have tested a more basic assumption: that the old instruments really do sound better. In several blind experiments, experienced violinists played old Italian violins and high-quality new ones while wearing goggles that prevented them from seeing which was which. Many were unable to identify the old instruments reliably, and a number actually preferred the new ones. Listeners in concert halls showed a similar pattern.
None of this proves that the famous violins are ordinary. They are beautifully made, and a player's confidence in an instrument may itself affect a performance. What the tests do suggest is that part of their reputation may come from their history and price rather than from their sound alone. Before searching for a secret, it is worth making sure there is something to explain.
According to one theory in the passage, a period of cold weather may have -
אmade trees grow slowly and produce denser wood
בdamaged the special varnish that Stradivari used
גmade the violins more expensive
דaffected the confidence of the players
הפתרון
לפי אחת התאוריות, קור חריג האט את צמיחת העצים ויצר עץ צפוף יותר: "may have made trees grow slowly and produce denser wood".
שאלה 2
Read the passage:
When Volcanoes Cool the Planet
In April 1815, Mount Tambora in Indonesia produced the most powerful eruption in recorded history. The immediate devastation was local, but its most far-reaching consequences came the following year, thousands of kilometres away. In 1816, much of Europe and eastern North America endured a summer of frost, snow and incessant rain; harvests failed, food prices soared, and hunger and unrest followed. It came to be remembered as the Year Without a Summer.
The culprit was not the ash, most of which fell out of the atmosphere within weeks, but sulphur dioxide. Injected into the stratosphere, above the weather that would otherwise wash it out, the gas formed a fine haze of sulphate droplets that reflected part of the incoming sunlight back into space. Such a veil can persist for a year or more, lowering temperatures across the globe. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, far smaller than Tambora, nonetheless cooled the planet measurably for about two years.
It might seem to follow that volcanoes offset global warming, but the comparison is misleading. Their cooling is transient, whereas carbon dioxide from human activity accumulates over centuries; human emissions now exceed those of all the world's volcanoes many times over. Some scientists have proposed imitating eruptions by deliberately releasing sulphate particles, yet the idea remains highly controversial, partly because it would mask warming rather than remove its cause.
According to the passage, what was the main cause of the cold summer of 1816?
אash that stayed in the air for years
בsulphate droplets that reflected sunlight
גcarbon dioxide from the eruption
דrain that washed the gas out of the lower air
הפתרון
"The culprit was not the ash ... but sulphur dioxide", שיצר טיפות סולפט שהחזירו את אור השמש. האפר נפל תוך שבועות.
שאלה 3
Read the passage:
A Breeze from the Sea
On a hot summer day at the beach, you may notice a cool wind blowing from the sea in the afternoon. This wind, called a sea breeze, is caused by a simple difference between land and water. The sun shines on both, but land heats up much faster than water does. By midday the sand and the ground are hot, while the sea is still fairly cool.
The warm air above the land rises, and cooler air from above the sea moves in to take its place. This moving air is the sea breeze. At night, the opposite happens. Land also cools down faster than water, so after sunset the ground becomes cooler than the sea. Now the air over the warmer sea rises, and a gentle wind blows from the land out to the sea. This is called a land breeze, and it is usually weaker than the sea breeze.
Perhaps the nicest thing about these winds is that you do not need any special equipment to study them. Anyone who spends a whole day by the sea can feel the wind change direction and watch science at work without opening a single book.
According to the passage, why does the ground become cooler than the sea after sunset?
אThe sea breeze blows over the land.
בCool air above the land rises.
גThe sand no longer faces the sea.
דLand cools down faster than water.
הפתרון
היבשה מתקררת מהר יותר מהמים: "Land also cools down faster than water, so after sunset the ground becomes cooler".
שאלה 4
Read the passage:
The Rise and Fall of the Sea
Anyone who spends a day at the seaside will notice that the water does not stay in one place. At some hours it covers most of the beach, and at others it pulls far back, leaving wet sand and rock pools. These regular changes are called tides, and most coasts have two high tides and two low tides a day.
Tides are caused mainly by the Moon. The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth's oceans and creates two bulges of water, one on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and one on the opposite side. As the Earth turns, each coast passes through both bulges, so the sea rises and falls twice. The Sun also pulls on the oceans, but because it is so much farther away, its effect is less than half as strong.
When the Sun and the Moon are in line, at new moon and full moon, their pulls add together, and high tides are extra high. These are called spring tides, although they have nothing to do with the season. When the two pull at right angles, the difference between high and low water is smaller, and these are called neap tides. The shape of the coast matters too. In the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the water can rise and fall by more than fifteen metres.
According to the passage, why is the Sun's effect on tides weaker than the Moon's?
אThe Sun pulls at right angles to the Moon.
בThe Sun pulls only at new moon and full moon.
גThe Sun is much farther away from the Earth.
דThe Sun pulls only on the bulge facing the Moon.
הפתרון
השמש רחוקה הרבה יותר, ולכן השפעתה חלשה: "because it is so much farther away, its effect is less than half as strong".